Certain vitamins and minerals play an
important role in protecting the body against damaging particles
known as free radicals. Free radicals are unstable oxygen molecules
which form in the body whenever we are exposed to pollution,
sunlight, stress, ageing, heart disease and cancer. Also if we eat
too much of the carbohydrates that turn into sugar in the body we
are further exposed to free radical damage.
The good news is that we can disarm these
free radicals if we have enough anti- oxidants in our diet.
Antioxidants are able to gobble up unstable
oxygen molecules and turn them into relatively stable and harmless
compounds which can be eliminated from the body.
Antioxidants come in two types, natural and
artificial. Natural anti oxidants occur naturally in the foods that
we eat. These are vitamins A, C, E, some of the B complex, zinc,
selenium, glutathione and the sulphur based amino acids. The
artificial antioxidants are man-made chemicals such as food
preservatives BHT and BHA.
Antioxidants work together in multiple
interactions that make them efficient in protecting the body from
free radical damage.
In addition to their ability to protect from
oxidation destruction, antioxidants also help to improve immune
function, act as anti inflammatory agents and help with the
prevention of serious diseases such as cancer and heart
disease.
The simple rule is to eat a wide variety of
fruit and vegetables of different colours. Many of the antioxidants
present give these foods their natural colour and are found in
plants because they are needed to protect them from constant
exposure to strong sunlight.
Vitamin C is one of the most powerful
antioxidants and works together with vitamin E to help combat the
effects of pollution, sunlight and smoking. It is found in citrus
fruits fruits, brocoli, kiki fruits, red and green peppers, mango,
papaya, fresh berries and currants. Vitamin C helps keep muscles
firm and helps the skin from wrinkling and sagging. It offers cells
and body tissues protection against viruses. It also helps against
the destructive effects of alcohol and smoking as it helps to
protect the body from acetaldehyde, a toxic substance found in high
amounts in people who drink a lot of alcohol or smoke many
cigarettes.
An intake of vitamin C significantly reduces
the risk of strokes. People with high levels of this vitamin in
their blood seem to be protected against all types of stroke,
including the most common which is caused by blood clots.
The 20 year old Japanese research project
reported in the journal Stroke, showed a clear relationship between
the risk of stroke and the level of vitamin C in the bloodstream and
the frequency with which fruit and vegetables are eaten.
The protection is known to work even when the
person has other problems such as high blood pressure and the fact
that they are smokers or drink heavily.
As well as eating more fruit and vegetables
researchers believe that taking vitamin C as a supplement will also
have protective measures.
Vitamin E ----has been linked with healthy
skin but it can be difficult to be found in foods because we eat
less seeds and nuts than we should. It works in synergy with vitamin
C to help mop up free radicals throughout the body and is found in
nuts, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, olive oil, dried fruits
particularly apricots, wholegrain cereals, wheat germ and spinach.
Vitamin E plays a vtal role in protecting the heart from damage. It
causes dilation of the blood vessels so that more blood gets through
and is an effective inhibitor of clots. A deficiency of this vitamin
will lower oxygen levels and increase the formation of free
radicals. This is very important for athletes as a shortage of
vitamin E can result in a 40% reduction in endurance capacity. As a
supplement for ageing vitamin E can bring about a disappearance of
wrinkles. It can also increase strength and stamina, improve sleep
patterns and has even turned grey hair back to normal. Vitamin E
also protects vitamin A from being used up. It protects the B
vitamins and vitamin C from oxidation in the digestive tract and it
also enhances the action of the anti oxidant activity of both
selenium and the amino acid cysteine. Vitamin E has also been shown
to help to prevent diabetes.
Carotenoids in plants help to protect the
stems and leaves from sunlight. There are five different types of
carotenoids, the best known is beta carotene, which gives many foods
its orange colour. Recent studies at Guys hospital have shown that
lycopene found in tomatoes is the most powerful carotenoid.
Carotenoids are also found in spinach, carrots, papayas, tangerines,
mangoes, brocoli and melon. Beta carotene circulates in the blood
and appears to be important in protecting the calls and tissues of
the body from free radical damage.
Minerals are also important in helping
protect us against free radicals. Selenium, is a trace mineral in
oily fish, nuts and seeds. Selenium can help to preserve the
elasticity of the skin by preventing oxidation if polyunsaturated
fatty acids. It also helps to protect from cancer and premature
ageing. It works closely with vitamin E. It is an important mineral
in the prevention of allergies. Clinical ecologists report that
supplements of 400mcg a day can help to clear up symptoms in
approximately 60% of people suffering from chemical
allergies.
Zinc is another antioxidant mineral found in
most meats, fish, eggs nuts and seeds. Manganese is another free
radical scavenger and can be found in leafy green vegetables and
whole grain foods.
All the enzymes involved in free radical
protection from damage demand the trace elements or B vitamins as
co-enzymes.
Fatty acids. Found in oily fish such as
sardines and salmon have been shown to reduce inflammation in the
skin by suppressing substances called prostaglandins and free
radicals which form in the skin when it is burnt by the sun. Fatty
acids appear to minimise the damage caused by over exposure to the
sun.
Flavenoids are powerful antioxidants found in
purple and blue fruits such as grapes. It is thought that the
powerful antioxidant action of these nutrients might help explain
the low rate of heart disease found in countries like France where
red wine is drunk.
Eating fresh fruit is more effective than
vitamin pills. Eg apples are packed with antioxidant power and have
anti carcinogenic effects. A fresh apple according to scientists
from Cornell university has as much antioxidant potency as 1500 mg
of vitamin c. Apple extracts were also found to inhibit the growth
of bowel and liver cancer cells in a lab. 100 mg of the apple
contained only 5.7 mg of vit c in the form of ascorbic acid. Almost
all the antioxidant activity was due to plant chemicals rather than
the vitamin.
In general try to eat foods that are as
wholesome and as least processed as possible. Try to eat foods in
their whole form as in brown bread and brown rice.
Try to avoid foods that are loaded with
colours and preservatives and synthetic flavours.
The safest way to cook foods is by steaming,
grilling or roasting. Try to avoid fried foods as frying increases
the carcinogenic properties of food. If you do a stir fry use olive
oil as this is the most stable when heated.
Make sure that you don’t over eat as over
eating especially of refined carbohydrates can undermine your
antioxidant status.
Try to avoid consuming too much protein. It
is a myth that a diet that is high in protein is good for you as it
puts a strain on the liver and kidneys and leaches out important
minerals such as calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium from the body.
The by products of protein metabolism can be toxic to the body and
encourage free radical damage to the cells. Eating too much protein
can also lead to over acidity of the tissues which contributes to
degenerative disorders, such as heart disease and cancer. On an anti
oxidant diet the recommended dosage of protein is between 30-50mg.
Avoid meats such as pork as it is a meat that is too drenched in
antibiotic residue and it is also the most acidic forming in the
body. Reduce intake of too much red meat. If you do it once or twice
a week make sure that the meat is low in fat. There is plenty of
protein to be found in vegetarian sources, ie lentils and rice,
jacket potatoes and beans.
A healthy breakfast is one that includes an
unrefined grain such as porridge with if you like a banana and some
dried fruits.
In the warm weather you can have an all fruit
breakfast.
For lunch make sure that you include a wide
variety of vegetables with a little protein and a refined
carbohydrate.
Example. A bowl of homemade vegetable soup
with some wholemeal pitta bread and a small amount of soft
cheese.
Or a turkey and salad sandwich.
For dinner again make sure you eat a variety
of either raw or steamed vegetables with some grilled protein such
as chicken breast or fish, with either brown rice or brown pasta or
jacket potato.
For desert have a fruit based dish such a
fruit salad or some natural yoghurt and fruit.
For snacks try to have some fresh fruit or
dried fruit.
Try to make sure you drink plenty of water
and fruit and vegetable juices. These juices are loaded with
antioxidants and help the body to detoxify.
While it is important to eat fruit and
vegetables to help protect against the sun it is also necessary to
use sun cream. You should also avoid exposure when the sun is at its
strongest.
How Vitamin C can cut the risk of
strokes.
An intake of vitamin C significantly reduces
the risk of strokes. People with high levels of this vitamin in
their blood seem to be protected against all types of stroke,
including the most common which is caused by blood clots.
The 20-year-old Japanese research project
reported in the journal Stroke, showed a clear relationship
between the risk of stroke and the level of vitamin C in the
bloodstream and the frequency with which fruit and vegetables are
eaten.
The protection is known to work even when the
person has other problems such as high blood pressure and the fact
that they are smokers or drink heavily.
As well as eating more fruit and vegetables
researchers believe that taking vitamin C as a supplement will also
have protective measures.
Increasing the amount of fruit and vegetables
in the diet increases the amount of vitamin C in the
blood.